Annotated Bibliography
Animal Testing (2014, January 29). Animal Testing ProCon Retrieved from
http://animal-testing.procon.org/
This website has very detailed and complete information concerning animal testing. It provides information about the purpose of practicing animal experimentation, also the website gives the reader a short meaning or description of what animal testing is and what it involves. Although it involves opinions of experts and scientists, the website is not biased because the opinions provided includes both, “pros” and “cons.” Also the website includes some facts that gives us percentages and numbers involving the experimentation on animals. Such as that “95% of animals used in experiments are not protected by the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA).” And this website will help me understand more fully the meaning of animal testing and its purpose.
Brooks, M. (2012). The truth about animal testing. New Statesman, 141(5115), 14.
This article gives us plenty of information about animal testing or experimentation. Even though it enforces about the cancer research done in Great Britain, it also includes information about the general topic. Including portions where it talks about the fundraising money and its purpose. Which is to buy mice and rats for treatment. Also it includes a statement from the activist group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), and a review of the British Animals Act, which regulates animal testing procedures. This article can give me more knowledge of the laws on which the animal testing labs are under.
Ferdowsian, H. R., & Beck, N. (2011). Ethical and scientific considerations regarding
animal testing and research. Plos ONE, 6(9), 1-4. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024059
This article includes a huge variety of information. Such as the Principles of humane experimental technique, which emphasized reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal use, principles which have since been referred to as the ''3 Rs''. The main goal of these principles are to encouraged researchers to work to reduce the number of animals used in experiments, reduce the pain to which the animal are exposed in treatments, and replace the use of animals with non-animal alternatives when possible. Providing us with the ethical and scientific considerations regarding the use of animals in research and testing. This article can give me ideas of how the scientist thinks about the concept of animal testing. Further more to acknowledge their work on trying to find different options, in order to replace the testing on animals.
Harley, E. (2008, October 1). Understanding Animal Research. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
This website provides many information about the topic, because it contains general predetermined questions, which are already answered. These questions are very useful in order to understand fully the meaning, purpose, procedure, and even some stories about animal experimentation. Some of these questions include the procedure of animal experimentation, the areas were the research is taken to end, as well as the health of both animals and humans. Also this website provides information about a rule in animal testing called “The 3 Rs”, which includes stands for, “reduction, reduce, and refine”. A website with this information can help me understand more thoroughly about the rules and norms that need to be follow when doing animal experimentation.
Monamy, V. (2009). Animal Experimentation. [Online]. 2nd ed. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801808
This e-book mainly contains discussions of genetically modified organisms and associated welfare and ethical issues that surround the programs in such research. It also includes very specific information about the history of animal testing. Such as the origins of vivisection, advances in human and non-human welfare made possible by animal experimentation. Also this e-book provides some principle moral objections to the use of animals in research, alternatives to the use of animals in research, and the rules under which experiments are conducted in Europe, USA and Australasia. This e-book will help me understand and amplify my knowledge of the rules concerning animal testing in different countries, as well as some innovations and changes on the process of this type of research.
Mone, G. (2014). New models in cosmetics replacing animal testing. Communications
Of The ACM, 57(4), 20-21. doi:10.1145/2581925
These article presents information of new technology in order to replace animal testing, such as computational models in cosmetics; following ban of the European Union on using animals-based test of cosmetic ingredients. Also it provides information about pharmaceutical companies that have been using such tools for years to evaluate toxicity. Another important fact is that The Cosmetics Europe industry trade group has started a research initiative to develop laboratory technologies and models that are capable of predicting toxicity of chemicals in humans. And this information can be very helpful when trying to understand the steps of how companies are creating innovative technology in order to replace animal testing.
Stevenson, T. A. (2012). Codification of animal testing policy. Federal Register,
77(126), 38751-38754.
This article presents very accurate and concise information about policies involving the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). The policies that are mentioned in the article are proposals made by the CPSC. One of these proposals was made for finding alternatives for animal testing and reducing number of animal testing. Meaning trying to revolutionize the research industry in order to stop using animals for testing or dramatically decrease the use of animals for the sake of experimentation. Or even use the rule of “The 3 Rs”, in order to minimize or reduce the use of animals in research. This article can be helpful when trying to find information about industries or companies that are trying to replace or find an alternative for animal testing.
Studt, T. (2014). Promise or curse?. Laboratory Equipment, 6.
This article contains information and expert opinions about whether to use animals for the sake of science research or not. Also it provides very important facts about the pros and cons of practicing animal experimentation, in other words the author is telling us if animal testing should be banned or continue. Therefore in response to the precious theme, the author gives us some alternatives, such as technological advances and different types of testing methods. And to assure that there are alternatives for animal testing he cites the American Chemical Society national meeting, telling us that they could reduce the animal-based toxicity testing on new drugs before taking them into clinical trials. This article can help me understand if animal testing is really necessary with all the technology available during these days.